烟草青枯病生防菌的筛选及其田间防效评价

为筛选出对烟草青枯病有效防治的生防菌,通过稀释涂布法从烟株根际土壤分离到一株具有明显拮抗作用的菌株69-1,经16S rDNA鉴定该菌株为壮观链霉菌(Streptomyces spectabilis),并用该菌株进行烟草青枯病田间防治试验。结果表明,与对照相比,经菌株69-1处理烟株茎围、有效叶片数、最大叶宽、最大叶长、上中下部烟叶单叶干重、最大叶面积、产量均显著增加,且对烟草青枯病的相对防效达60.42%,同时对不同处理组的初烤烟叶进行化学成分的检测分析,发现菌株69-1处理相对于对照组烟叶品质更佳。该菌株菌剂处理不仅可以提高烟株对烟草青枯病的防效,而且还提高烟叶品质和产量,可为烟草青枯病生物防治提供一定参考。     

基于GM(1,1)的天然次生林空间结构预测

【目的】系统地分析已有天然次生林林分空间结构数据,通过灰色模型预测天然次生林林分空间结构各指标未来的发展趋势,对天然林经营具有十分重要的意义。【方法】以湖南大围山自然保护区典型次生林为研究对象,依据结构化森林经营理论,选取了混交度、竞争指数、角尺度、空间密度指数、开阔比数、大小比数、林分综合均质性指数作为天然次生林林分空间结构合理性评价与预测的量化指标,构建了基于GM(1,1)的天然次生林林分空间结构灰色预测模型。模型将2008年林分空间结构各指标的平均值作为初始值,并在研究区设置了面积为20 m×20 m的5个研究样地(M1,M2,M3,M4,M5),利用保护区2008-2018年典型样地林分空间信息,预测了研究区调研样地2019年-2021年林分空间结构各指标未来的变化趋势。【结果】利用精度检验机制对该模型的精确度进行了有效性检验,检验结果表明,所有指标预测合格概率P合=71.43%,良好的概率P良好=22.86%,优的概率P优=5.71%,表明该预测模型符合精度检验要求。【结论】样地未来3 a各指标整体变化尺度不大,林分空间结构基本稳定。从各指标在2008-2018年时空上的变化规律来看,各样地林分平均竞争指数、平均大小比数及平均空间密度指数是影响林分均质性指数的关键指标。     

利用MAS技术改良香稻‘R15’的直链淀粉含量

R15是适应性较广,产量较高的中熟晚籼香稻品系,但由于含有Wx^a基因,其直链淀粉含量高达23.5%,严重影响食用口感。因此,我们以含有Wx^b等位基因的不育系Y58S为供体,通过杂交、回交,利用RAD测序技术、分子标记辅助筛选等技术,经过8个世代的筛选,成功用Wx^b基因替换掉R15中的Wx^a基因,培育出1个新的纯合株系——‘深华R16’,其染色体上有10882234 bp长度的碱基,基因型和供体亲本‘Y58S’一致,占2.92%;有362363285 bp长度的DNA片段基因型和受体亲本‘R15’一致,占97.08%;其直链淀粉含量为14%。将‘Y58S’分别与‘深华R16’和‘R15’进行组配,结果表明,‘Y58S’/‘深华R16’组合的直链淀粉含量(13.9%)低于‘Y58S’/‘R15’组合的直链淀粉含量(19.9%),其它米质性状与农艺性状基本一致。本研究为分子标记辅助育种提供了新思路,培育出一新的水稻品系。     

刍议特色蔬菜荠菜的价值及其研究意义

为了促进产业融合、实现加工增值、加快技术研发、达成跨季销售、推动冷链发展、增加劳动就业,对荠菜产业化相关研究进行总结。在此,有必要对荠菜的价值、研究意义及研究现状进行介绍,发现荠菜是一种具有较高营养价值和药用价值的野生叶菜,深受消费者青睐,市场前景广阔,具有重要的研究意义;另外,涉及荠菜的研究很多,但主要集中在栽培方面,品种与加工涉猎较少,特别是产业化更是鲜有涉足。通过对荠菜产业关键技术与装备的进一步研发,助力实现产业链的延伸,加快新品种、新技术、新模式、新工艺、新装备的应用。     

云南怒江傈僳族自治州古树名木资源现状调查

对怒江傈僳族自治州人为活动区域古树名木资源现状进行调查。结果表明:共记录到古树名木496株,涉及36科54属76种,其中有8种国家重点保护野生植物,分别为澜沧黄杉、秃杉、南方红豆杉、云南榧树、千果榄仁、红椿、光叶珙桐和香果树;怒江州古树名木主要分布在乡村街道及远郊野外,占总数的98.8%,63.6%的古树生长在海拔1500~1999 m;古树名木的生长环境及长势总体较好,但保护力度相对薄弱,应采取相关措施加强保护和管理。     

Regulatory role of l-proline in fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation

l-proline (Pro) is a precursor of ornithine, which is converted into polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Polyamines plays a key role in the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. The study investigated the effect of Pro on polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation on porcine enterocytes in vivo and in vitro. Twenty-four Huanjiang mini-pigs were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups and fed a basal diet that contained 0.77% alanine (Ala, iso-nitrogenous control), 1% Pro or 1% Pro + 0.0167% α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) from d 15 to 70 of gestation. The fetal body weight and number of fetuses per litter were determined, and the small and large intestines were obtained on d 70 ± 1.78 of gestation. The in vitro study was performed in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells cultured in Dulbecco''s modified Eagle medium-high glucose (DMEM-H) containing 0 μmol/L Pro, 400 μmol/L Pro, or 400 μmol/L Pro + 10 mmol/L DFMO for 4 d. The results showed that maternal dietary supplementation with 1% Pro increased fetal weight; the protein and DNA concentrations of the fetal small intestine; and mRNA levels for potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1 (Kv1.1) in the fetal small and large intestines (P < 0.05). Supplementing Pro to either gilts or IPEC-J2 cells increased ODC protein abundances and polyamine concentrations in the fetal intestines and IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). In comparison with the Pro group, the combined administration of Pro and DFMO reduced the expression of ODC protein and spermine concentration in the fetal intestine, as well as the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of cells in the S-phase and the mRNA levels of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc were increased in response to Pro supplementation, whereas depletion of cellular polyamines with DFMO increased tumor protein p53 (p53) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary supplementation with Pro improved fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation via enhancing polyamine synthesis.     

2015―2020年国家西北内陆棉区棉花品种区域试验参试品种（系）枯黄萎病抗性评述

对2015－2020年参加西北内陆棉区区域试验的192个棉花品种（系）枯萎病、黄萎病的抗性分析，为棉花抗病育种及品种推广提供依据。结果表明，参试棉花品种（系）未出现对枯萎病和黄萎病免疫的品种；参试棉花品种（系）对枯萎病的抗性水平较高，除2018年高抗和抗病品种（系）占比为 88.2%外，其他年份均在92%以上；参试的品种（系）的黄萎病抗性水平除2017年较高外，其余各年均较低，以耐病为主，6年耐病品种（系）平均占比为56.2%；参试品种的总体抗枯萎病指数（r_F）远大于总体抗黄萎病指数（r_V）和总体兼抗指数（r_FV）,各年份均表现为r_F＞r_V＞r_FV，且三者均呈振荡上升趋势；早中熟常规棉的抗枯萎病、黄萎病性及兼抗性表现均优于早熟常规棉_。可见，黄萎病抗性的提高是西北内陆棉区选育兼抗棉花品种的关键。     

斜纹夜蛾Toll受体基因的全基因组分析及其在杀虫剂抗性中的作用

利用公布的斜纹夜蛾基因组对TLRs基因进行全基因组分析,应用生物信息学工具分析斜纹夜蛾TLRs家族基因成员在鳞翅目害虫TLRs基因家族中的进化关系、组织表达特异性,结合转录组数据对农药反应敏感的TLRs进行基因表达及其调控网络进行分析,分析斜纹夜蛾Toll受体基因在杀虫剂抗性中的作用.结果表明:共分析出了7个TLRs基因,斜纹夜的TLRs家族基因与棉铃虫TLRs家族基因同源性较高.7个基因中的1个基因SLTLR3在肠道中高度表达,有5个TLRs基因对农药处理反应敏感.对农药反应敏感的TLRs进行基因表达和其网络进行分析,只发现了1个TLRs(SLTLR7)和其他30个基因之间的存在共表达关系,这些基因主要涉细胞表面受体信号途径、细胞定位、信号传导、细胞调控过程、生物调控过程.     

Construction and Partial Biological Characteristics Analysis of Listeriolysin S llsB Gene Deletion Strain

In order to analyze the effect of listeriolysin S (LLS) llsB gene deletion on the biological characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes (LM),this study used homologous recombination to construct the llsB gene deletion strain LM90-ΔllsB,and the biological characteristics of growth characteristics,median lethal dose (LD₅₀) and organ-borne bacteria were studied in healthy Kunming male mice at 8 weeks old and weighing 40 g±5 g.The llsB gene deletion strain was successfully constructed,and the deletion strain had good genetic stability through continuous passage to 20 generations in vitro.Based on its growth curve examination,we found that the growth rate of the mutant strain was slightly higher than that of the parent strain.The results of mice infection test showed that the LD₅₀ of the parent strain and the deletion strain were 10^6.17 and 10^6.50 CFU,respectively.Compared with the parent strain,the amount of bacteria load of the deletion strain in the liver and spleen of the mice was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the results showed that the infection ability of the mutant strain on mice was obviously weakened.No Listeria monocytogenes was detected in the brain.The results suggested that llsB gene might have direct or indirect regulatory effect on some biological characteristics of LM90,and it would provide a theoretical basis for further understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of LLS,prevention and control of listeriosis.     

Complete nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence analysis of Pacific abalone <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haliotis discus hannai</Emphasis>

Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai (Haliotidae, Gastropoda) is an economically important shellfish species in northern China. The complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) of Pacific abalone was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. The length of the nrDNA was determined to be around 10.7 kb, and to contain, in order, small subunit ribosomal RNA (nrSSU) genes (1871 bp), internal transcribed spacer (ITS, 759–762 bp), large subunit ribosomal RNA (nrLSU) gene (3411 bp), and an intergenic spacer (IGS, 4624–4654 bp). The SSU and LSU regions were almost identical in different individuals, and show little variation from those of other abalone species. The two different variations of the ITS2 region were presented, and this phenomenon also existed in other species. A phylogeny tree was constructed, based on ITS region sequence datasets, to determine the evolutionary relationships of abalones. Abalones have two major subclades, mainly distributed in the North Pacific, Europe and Australia. The IGS region of the nrDNA was sequenced and analyzed for the first time. Several repeat fragments were present upstream of the sequence, and were significantly different between individuals (93.86% sequence identity). The complete nrDNA sequence will be useful for the classification, identification, phylogeny, germplasm management, and breeding of this shellfish.